Until he mentioned ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr, who said: The Messenger of Allāh, peace and blessings be upon him, said: "It is not lawful to combine a loan with a sale, nor two conditions in one sale, nor profit on what has not been guaranteed, nor the sale of what is not in your possession."(1)

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(1) Its chain of transmission is sound (ḥasan). Ayyūb is Ibn Abī Tamīmah al-Sakhtiyānī, and Ismāʿīl is Ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Muqsim, known as Ibn ʿUlayyah. What is meant by his statement in the chain: "from his father" is ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ, because Shuʿayb only narrates from his grandfather ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr, since his father Muḥammad died while he was young, so his grandfather took custody of him, and from him he narrated the ḥadīth. What appears in this chain of transmission from his statement: "until he mentioned ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr" supports that, because it is an explanation of his statement: "from his father," not that Shuʿayb narrates it from his father Muḥammad and Muḥammad narrates it from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr. What further confirms this is that no one among those who transmitted the ḥadīth added anything to the chain beyond saying: from ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather. And Allāh knows best.

It was also transmitted by Ibn Mājah (2188), al-Tirmidhī (1278), and al-Nasāʾī in al-Mujtabā (4611) and (4629–4631) via the path of ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ. Al-Tirmidhī said: A ḥasan ṣaḥīḥ ḥadīth.

It is in Musnad Aḥmad (6628).

It was also transmitted by al-Nasāʾī in al-Kubrā (5010) and Ibn Ḥibbān (4321) via the path of Ibn Jurayj, who said: ʿAṭāʾ informed me, from ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ. Al-Mizzī transmitted in al-Tuḥfah (8885) that al-Nasāʾī said concerning it: This ḥadīth is a munkar ḥadīth, and in my view it is an error. And Allāh knows best.

We say: Al-Ḥākim narrated this ḥadīth in 4/17 via the path of Abū al-Walīd al-Ṭayālisī, from Yazīd ibn Zurayʿ, who said: ʿAṭāʾ al-Khurāsānī narrated to us, from ʿAmr ibn Shuʿayb, from his father, from his grandfather ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAmr ibn al-ʿĀṣ.

Al-Khaṭṭābī said: As for the first ḥadīth and his statement: "It is not lawful to combine a loan with a sale," it is of the type previously explained concerning his prohibition of two sales in one sale, such as one saying: I sell you this slave for fifty dīnārs on the condition that you lend me a thousand dirhams in merchandise I sell to you on credit, or one says: I sell you for such-and-such on the condition that you lend me a thousand dirhams. The meaning of "loan" (salaf) here is a qarḍ (interest-free loan), and this is invalid because he only lends to him on the condition that he shows him leniency in the price, thus the price enters into the realm of uncertainty, and because every loan that brings a benefit is usury (ribā). =