= Al-Bighā': the fornicatress, and her act is al-bighā'. From it is the saying of Allah the Exalted: {And do not compel your slave-girls to prostitution} [al-Nūr:33].

Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr said in *al-Tamhīd* 8/398 and after, commenting on the hadith "He forbade the price of a dog, the earnings of a prostitute, and the fee of a soothsayer": In this hadith there is what is agreed upon and what is differed over. As for the earnings of a prostitute — and al-bighā' is the fornicatress, and her earnings are what she takes for her fornication — there is consensus on its prohibition. As for the fee of a soothsayer, there is likewise consensus on its prohibition. Mālik said: It is what is given to the soothsayer for his soothsaying, and al-ḥulwān in the speech of the Arabs is the bribe and the gift.

As for the price of a dog, it is differed over.

Al-Ḥāfiẓ said in *al-Fatḥ* 4/426, commenting on the prohibition of the price of a dog: The apparent meaning of the prohibition is the unlawfulness of selling it, and it is general regarding every dog, whether trained or not, whether of the kind whose keeping is permissible or not. A necessary consequence of that is that there is no compensation owed for one who destroys it, and that is the view of the majority. Mālik said: Its sale is not permissible, but compensation is owed by one who destroys it. From him [another narration] like the majority, and from him [another] like the view of Abū Ḥanīfah: it is permissible and compensation is owed. ʿAṭā' and al-Nakhaʿī said: The sale of a hunting dog is permissible, but not other than it. It is transmitted from al-Qurṭubī that the well-known view of Mālik's school is the permissibility of keeping a dog, the disapproval of selling it, and that it is not annulled if it occurs.

Al-ʿAynī transmitted in *al-Bidāyah* 8/378 from the author of *al-Īḍāḥ*: The sale of every beast of prey with fangs and every bird with talons is permissible, whether trained or untrained, according to the narration of *al-Aṣl*. As for the trained dog, there is no doubt about the permissibility of its sale, because it is an instrument of guarding and hunting (and crime detection), and thus it is a valid object of sale, since it is benefited from in reality and in law, and is therefore property. As for the untrained one, because it can be benefited from in other than hunting, for every dog guards its owner's house, prevents strangers from entering it, and alerts to the offender by its barking, so it equals the trained one in being benefited from.

Abū Yūsuf said: The sale of a biting dog is not permissible, because there is no benefit in it.

We say: And the governing principle with them is: everything in which there is a benefit that is lawful according to the Sacred Law, its sale is permissible, because physical objects were created for the benefit of man, as evidenced by the saying of Allah the Exalted: {He created for you all that is on the earth} [al-Baqarah:29].