3 - Chapter: The Times of the Prophet's Prayer, peace and blessings be upon him, and how he performed it

397 - Muslim ibn Ibrahim narrated to us, Shu'bah narrated to us, from Sa'd ibn Ibrahim, from Muhammad ibn 'Amr — who is Ibn al-Hasan — who said:
We asked Jabir about the time of the prayer of the Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, and he said: "He used to pray the noon prayer (zuhr) at the time of intense midday heat, the afternoon prayer ('asr) while the sun was still bright and hot, the sunset prayer (maghrib) when the sun set, the night prayer ('isha') — when the people were many, he would hasten it, and when they were few, he would delay it — and the dawn prayer (subh) in the darkness before daybreak."(1)

398 - Hafs ibn 'Umar narrated to us, Shu'bah narrated to us, from Abu al-Minhal, from Abu Barzah who said: The Messenger of Allah, peace and blessings be upon him, used to pray the noon prayer (zuhr) when the sun had passed its zenith, and he would pray the afternoon prayer ('asr) such that one of us could go to the farthest part of Madinah and return while the sun was still bright and hot — and I forgot what he said about the sunset prayer (maghrib) — and he did not mind delaying the night prayer ('isha') to

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And it was also narrated by Muslim (612), and al-Nasa'i in "al-Kubra" (1512) through multiple chains from Qatadah, with this chain of transmission.
It is also in "Musnad Ahmad" (6966), and "Sahih Ibn Hibban" (1473).
His saying: "the surge of the twilight" — al-Khattabi said: it is the remaining redness of the sun on the horizon, and it was called "surge" (fawr) because of its surging and rising. It was also narrated as "thawr al-shafaq" — meaning the rising of its redness. We say: this is the narration of Ahmad, Muslim, and al-Nasa'i.

(1) Its chain of transmission is authentic.
It was also narrated by al-Bukhari (560), and Muslim (646) through the chain of Shu'bah, with this chain of transmission.
It is also in "Musnad Ahmad" (14969), and "Sahih Ibn Hibban" (1528).
And "ghalas" (darkness before daybreak) is the darkness of the end of the night when it mingles with the light of morning.
Al-Khattabi said in "Ma'alim al-Sunan" regarding the interpretation of his saying: "while the sun was still bright and hot" (wa al-shamsu hayyah): it is interpreted in two ways: one of them is that its "life" is the intensity of its heat and the persistence of its warmth, nothing of it having diminished; and the other way is that its "life" is the clarity of its color, no change having affected it.