64 - Chapter on Fasting the Day of 'Ashura'

2442 - 'Abdullah ibn Maslamah narrated to us, from Malik, from Hisham ibn 'Urwah, from his father, from 'A'ishah, who said: The day of 'Ashura' was a day that Quraysh used to fast in the pre-Islamic period, and the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) used to fast it in the pre-Islamic period. When the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) arrived in Medina, he fasted it and commanded that it be fasted. When Ramadan was made obligatory, it became the obligatory fast, and 'Ashura' was abandoned. So whoever wished fasted it, and whoever wished left it.

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= It is found with Malik in "Al-Muwatta'" 1/375, and from his chain it was recorded by Al-Bukhari (1661) and (1988), and Muslim (1123).
It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari (1658), (5604), (5618), and (5636), and Muslim (1123) via the chains of Abu al-Nadr, from him.
It was recorded by Al-Nasa'i in "Al-Kubra" (2832) via the chain of 'Abdullah ibn 'Abbas from Umm al-Fadl.
It is found in "Musnad Ahmad" (26869) and (26872), and "Sahih Ibn Hibban" (3605) and (3606).

(1) Its chain of transmission is authentic.
It is found with Malik in "Al-Muwatta'" 1/299, and from his chain it was recorded by Al-Bukhari (2002).
It was also recorded by Al-Bukhari (3831) and (4504), Muslim (1125), Al-Tirmidhi (763), and Al-Nasa'i in "Al-Kubra" (2851) and (10948) via various chains from Hisham ibn 'Urwah, from him.
It was recorded in abbreviated form by Al-Bukhari (1592), (1893), (2001), and (4502), Muslim (1125), Ibn Majah (1733), and Al-Nasa'i (2850), (2852), and (10949) via various chains from 'Urwah ibn al-Zubayr, from him.
It is found in "Musnad Ahmad" (24011), and "Sahih Ibn Hibban" (3621).

Al-Qurtubi said: 'Ashura' is derived from 'ashirah (tenth) with a modification of form for emphasis and glorification. Originally, it is an adjective for the tenth night, because it is taken from 'ashr (ten), which is the name of the decade, and the day is annexed to it. So when one says "the day of 'Ashura'," it is as if one said "the day of the tenth night," except that when they modified it from its adjectival form, the nominal quality prevailed over it, and they dispensed with the described noun, omitting "night," so this expression became a proper name for the tenth day.